Author Archives: Wouter Serdijn

Electrical Stimulation of Brain Boosts Birth of New Cells

ScienceDaily (Sep. 22, 2011) — Stimulating a
specific region of the brain leads to the production of new brain cells that
enhance memory, according to an animal study in the September 21 issue of
The Journal of Neuroscience. The findings show how deep brain
stimulation (DBS) — a clinical intervention that delivers electrical pulses to
targeted areas of the brain — may work to improve cognition. Read more.

Hot Wavelets

The paper "Emerging Applications of Wavelet: a review", by Akansu, Serdijn and Selesnick has been declared the hottest (No. 1) paper in Computer Science, Physical Communication (Elsevier) over the period from October 2009 to September 2010. Over the past 9 months, the paper held its No. 1 position firmly, so it is thus heading for becoming the hottest paper for two consecutive years!

ELCA Festival, 2012 Edition will be on Friday, January 13

PSSST! Mark your calendar!

The Voices of DAC—A chip in your brain?

Jan Rabaey, UC Berkeley, about brain-machine interfaces. Click here to watch the video.

This talk covers a little bit of transcutaneous signal and energy transfer, recording of brain signals, polymer electrode arrays, brain waves, EEG, ECoG, epilepsy, neurostimulation, DBS, 65nm, microwatt, pulsed waveform, temperature rise, digital amplifier, subthreshold logic, interference, frequency agile radios, security, neural dust…

Wouter

Timing in the brain not only a matter of time

In the Proceedings of the Royal Society B (Biology) of August 10, 2011, interested readers can read in an article by James Heron that  "duration perception […] may be mediated via a system of duration-selective ‘channels’, which
are differentially activated depending on the match between afferent
duration information and the channels’ ‘preferred’ duration." This is an interesting postulation which may, however, be incorrect, as, to the best of my knowledge (though I am not a physician), there are no particular channel-like structures associated with our sensors (ears and eyes) that can be held responsible for our understanding of how long a particular event lasts. 

From a mathematical and engineering perspective it is also known that there exists a strong relation between time and frequency, taught to us in high school when we learn about the meaning of T = 1/f, T being the period of a (periodical) signal and f its frequency. Some people are known for having an "absolute pitch", sometimes erroneously called "absolute hearing", in the sense that they recognize exactly the pitch of a tone they hear. Most people do not have this remarkable talent, but are nevertheless still pretty good at estimating the approximate pitch of a tone they hear.

Also, it is known that events seem to last longer when they are dull or not exciting and its opposite is probably best illustrated by the expression "time flies when you’re having fun", Also, and this many of us have experienced during the ELCA music festival of last March, sometimes, when excited, a little bit tensed or under pressure, musicians have a tendency to play their songs faster, with more beats per minute, without being aware of it. Apparently, in a more stressful situation, our notion of time becomes related to a faster clock, or a shorter time duration. Finally, it is known that when people are feverish, also their notion of time changes.

The above relation between time and frequency and thus pitch and the experience of time and frequency stretch depending on our excitement, suggest, at least to me, that our notion of time is not so much related to a static entity in the form of a channel, but rather is linked to our internal oscillatory processes, as, e.g., happen in the brain between its various hierarchical layers, or in our lifesupporting master clock, the heart. It would be interesting to see whether the above states of excitement also affect the frequency of our brain waves (alpha, beta and gamma waves). If so, the issue of reliable tinnitus detection (see Senad’s previous post) may become more patient and situation-specific and thus more difficult to implement.

Stay tuned 😉

Wouter

Small chip to overcome inflammation of joints

Today, the Telegraaf and Nu.nl report that a team of the Dutch rheumatologist Paul-Peter Tak of the Amsterdam Academic Medical Center will implant a kind of pacemaker, its size in the order of a bout a square centimeter, that will deliver stimuli to the vagus nerve for about one minute a day. By doing so, it is expected that inflammation of the joints of patients that suffer from rheumatoid arthritis can be reduced or even completely stopped.

Of course, what can be deduced from the article is that this pacemaker, electronics-wise, is nothing more than a simple blinking light with a timer, which can be implemented by means of a miniature microcontroller and a battery. However, it is also obvious that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, albeit at its infancy, is already very promising and a possible treatment of a wide range of neural disorders and pain is dawning at the horizon.

Wouter

Be gentle to the heart, otherwise you’ll lose it

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute and Cornell University have come up with a low-energy pulse sequence to
restart hearts and make implants last longer is what we can read in IEEE Spectrum today. Other advantages of using a train (a burst) of pulses instead of using a single (tonic) pulse are that defibrillation becomes less painful to the patient and is less likely to evoke fibrillation elsewhere in the heart. The new therapy still has to be tested on patients, though. 

From this, it is only a small step towards realizing that other types of tissue should be stimulated with burst-like or even more exotic yet gentle pulses, too. In the Biomedical Electronics Group of Delft University of Technology, we’re working on interfacing with the brain in a more natural manner. Stay tuned…

Wouter

In case you’ve just missed it…

Fixing the Brain-Computer Interface

Researchers are addressing the sizable population for whom
BCI doesn’t work

By Erica
Westly  /  June 2011


New website (in Dutch): http://www.braininnovations.nl/

It takes some cooking to prepare a good meal

Frequent readers of this weblog may have started to wonder whether the activities of the Biomedical Electronics Group have gradually fainted and dissolved in eternity, its members have all become hobos and it all ended in a big dream. Bzinga. The truth is, of course, that everybody is very busy and under the yoke of some deadline or another.

Senad and June been working very hard on a first proof-of-principle of a Tinnitus detector circuit. Such a circuit should allow for detection of the spatial properties of tinnitus and give objective information on its severity. This could, in turn, lead to more refined or adjusted stimulation therapies. Don’t sell your mother for it, yet, but expectations are high. The findings will be worked out in a manuscript, to be submitted to the annual BioCAS Conference today.

On the detection side of things, Yongjia has been working very hard on the new type of level-crossing analog-to-digital converter, described in an earlier weblog. Also this work will be submitted to the BioCAS Conference.

Duan Zhao received the good news that our paper (together with the Holst Centre) on a reconfigurable subsampling receiver has been accepted for presentation and publication at the PIMRC Conference in Toronto. Congratulations. He just returned from a visit to his home country and we’re happy to have him back again.

Of course there is more that can be reported, such as the coming ELCA day trip, the preparations for organizing BioCAS 2013 in Delft, the IMDI NeuroControl, more power-efficient neurostimulation circuits, higher-efficiency RF energy harvesting circuits, June’s paper that got accepted in Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I: Regular Papers (congrats, too), Sandro’s and Senad’s paper that enjoyed the same fate (congrats, too), STW Perspectief and how the Dutch Ministries of Economical Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation and of Health, Wellbeing and Sport have no clue on how to increase valorization in the Netherlands (as witnessed yesterday at the MedTech West Event), but this would make good stuff for another blog. So stay tuned!

Wouter

Dutch documentary on the Mystery of the Brain (6 episodes)

BreingeheimLast Tuesday I saw an excerpt of an interesting episode on Dutch television about what happens with the human brain when it ages and in particular what happens with it in the unfortunate situation of Alzheimer’s disease. This episode, presented by the well-known and charming Dutch news presenter Charles Groenhuijsen, in fact is part of a larger series that tries to shed some light on what happens in this 1.5kg human organ that is at the base of all our thoughts, actions, emotions, etc., of which its intricacies and inner workings are still a mystery to us. 

The complete series (in Dutch) can be viewed from Uitzending Gemist and also from the following link of Omroep Max: http://www.maxbreingeheim.nl.

Highly recommended!

Wouter